TABLE WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES COMMON IN MAKURDI BENUE STATE .

 

WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES 

Ø  RAW WATER

Ø  FILTRATION ( SAND FILTRATION)

Ø  HOLDING TANKS

Ø  REVERSE OSMOSIS ( R. O )

Ø  DISINFECTION

RAW WATER

                There are two main sources of raw water; these are bore holes and Benue state water board. The raw water is collected in the raw water tanks. There is a bold write up on these tanks indicating them as raw water tank normally in capital letters ( RAW WATER TANK ). As the name incline, there is no treatment measures taking place in these tanks, the raw water is then pump to the first step in the treatment process. Which is the filter modules for filtration.

FILTRATION

                The filtration process is basically automated thereby need little details, raw water from the raw water tanks is pump into the sand filter modules where filtration takes place. There are three modules each with a different task to perform.

                The first is usually called the treated sand filter module; this module is filled with sand which is arranged in three horizontal layers which filter the physical particles in the water. The first filter module is arrange as follows

Ø  Fine soil  ( binding soil)

Ø  Coarse

Ø  Gravel

The second module is called the carbon module; this module is responsible for removing color and taste.

Thirdly is the resin module (softener), it softens the water thereby making it easy and more effective for the R. O to perform. When raw water passes through these three modules it is then discharges to the holding tanks for further treatment.

THE HOLDING TANKS

Here water is store in these tanks before it is taking to the R.O, there is no time required for the water to stay in the holding tanks before pumping it to the R.O but it help in controlling the amount of water to be pump to the R.O to ensure proper and desire functioning.

THE R.O

The Reverse Osmosis (R.O) is a complete automated machine but require a controlled amount of water to be pass into it, water from the holding tanks is pass through three jumbo filters; ranging from 5microns to 1micron to 0.5micron, then it goes to the semi membrane filter before it finally reach the R.O membranes, the machine has two flow meter gauges which are pure water flow gauge and concentrated flow gauge.  treated clean water pass through the pure water flow gauge to the final treatment tanks while dirty water rejected by the R.O pass through the concentrated flow gauge to waste drainage as waste water from the treatment process. The pure water sent to the final treatment tanks is fit for consumption as table water ( pure water ) therefore it can be package for distribution and sales.